Snowball Search and global quantification of the references - DMR SOD

DOI GitHub release GitHub commits since latest release License: CC BY 4.0

Setup

Internal code for setup of the snowball search.

Code
library(bibtex)
library(openalexR)
Thank you for using openalexR!
To acknowledge our work, please cite the package by calling `citation("openalexR")`.
To suppress this message, add `openalexR.message = suppressed` to your .Renviron file.
Code
library(writexl)
library(tibble)
library(dplyr)

Attaching package: 'dplyr'
The following objects are masked from 'package:stats':

    filter, lag
The following objects are masked from 'package:base':

    intersect, setdiff, setequal, union
Code
library(ggraph)
Loading required package: ggplot2
Code
library(tidygraph)

Attaching package: 'tidygraph'
The following object is masked from 'package:stats':

    filter
Code
if (!require("IPBES.R")){
    install.packages(
        "IPBES.R", 
        repos = c('https://ipbes-data.r-universe.dev', 'https://cloud.r-project.org')
    )
}
Loading required package: IPBES.R
Code
# library(ggplot2)
# library(knitr)

kp <- bibtex::read.bib("./key-paper.bib")
dois <- sapply(
    kp,
    function(x) {
        x$doi
    }
)

Searches

Searches are conducted with the OpenAlex API. The API is documented here.

Setup OpenAlex usage and do snowball serarch

Code
fn <- file.path ("data", "key_works.rds")
if (exists(fn)){
    key_works <- readRDS(fn)
} else {
        key_works <- oa_fetch(
            entity = "works",
            doi = dois,
            verbose = FALSE
        )
}

ids <- openalexR:::shorten_oaid(key_works$id)

fn <- file.path("data", "snowball.rds")
if (file.exists(fn)) {
    snowball <- readRDS(fn)
} else {
    snowball <- oa_snowball(
        identifier = ids,
        verbose = FALSE
    )
    saveRDS(snowball, fn)
}

flat_snow <- snowball2df(snowball) |>
    tibble::as_tibble()

key_works_cit <- list(
    c(cit = "Fisher et al. 2022", id = "W4220786370"),
    c(cit = "Patterson et al. 2017", id = "W2520670351"),
    c(cit = "Feola et al. 2015", id = "W2020319093"),
    c(cit = "Loorbach et al. 2017", id = "W2204133637"),
    c(cit = "Scoones et al. 2020", id = "W3001406994"),
    c(cit = "Evans et al. 2023", id = "W4379647013")
)

Supplemented edges between all papers

Code
fn <- file.path("data", "snowball_supplemented.rds")
if (file.exists(fn)) {
    snowball_supplemented <- readRDS(fn)
} else {
    new_edges <- tibble(
        from = character(0),
        to = character(0)
    )

    works <- snowball$nodes$id

    for (i in 1:nrow(snowball$nodes)) {
        from <- works[[i]]
        to <- gsub("https://openalex.org/", "", snowball$nodes$referenced_works[[i]])
        to_in_works <- to[to %in% works]
        if (length(to_in_works) > 0) {
            new_edges <- add_row(
                new_edges,
                tibble(
                    from = from,
                    to = to_in_works
                )
            )
        }
    }

    snowball_supplemented <- snowball
    snowball_supplemented$edges <- add_row(snowball_supplemented$edges, new_edges) |>
        distinct()

    saveRDS(snowball_supplemented, fn)
}

Results

Number of papers cited by keypapers

Code
x <- key_works_cit |>
    simplify2array()

keypapers <- x["cit", ]
names(keypapers) <- x["id", ]

rm(x)

snowball$edges |>
    filter(from %in% names(keypapers)) |>
    unique() |>
    mutate(
        cit = unlist(keypapers[from])
    ) |>
    select(cit) |>
    table() |>
    as.data.frame() |>
    arrange(desc(Freq)) |>
    knitr::kable(
        col.names = c("Key paper", "Number of papers"),
        caption = "Number of papers cited by Keypapers in the snowball search" 
    )
Number of papers cited by Keypapers in the snowball search
Key paper Number of papers
Loorbach et al. 2017 123
Patterson et al. 2017 75
Scoones et al. 2020 65
Feola et al. 2015 64
Fisher et al. 2022 57
Evans et al. 2023 55
Code
snowball$edges |>
    filter(to %in% names(keypapers)) |>
    unique() |>
    mutate(
        cit = unlist(keypapers[to]),
    ) |>
    select(cit) |>
    table() |>
    as.data.frame() |>
    arrange(desc(Freq)) |>
    knitr::kable(
        col.names = c("Key paper", "Number of papers"),
        caption = "No of papers citing the Keypapers in the snowball search" 
    )
No of papers citing the Keypapers in the snowball search
Key paper Number of papers
Loorbach et al. 2017 614
Patterson et al. 2017 451
Feola et al. 2015 377
Scoones et al. 2020 226
Fisher et al. 2022 12

Save snowball as Excel file

Code
fn <- file.path(".", "data", "snowball_excel.xlsx")
if (!file.exists(fn)){
    IPBES.R::to_xlsx(snowball, fn)
}

To download the Excsl file with all references, plese click here.

Identification of references with more than one edge

This is the number of connections (connection_count)of the paper (id)

Code
#|

mult_edge <- flat_snow |>
    select(id, connection_count) |>
    filter(connection_count > 1) |>
    arrange(desc(connection_count))

links <- flat_snow |>
    filter(id %in% mult_edge$id)

links |>
    select(id, display_name, publication_year, doi, connection_count) |>
    arrange(desc(connection_count)) |>
    knitr::kable()
id display_name publication_year doi connection_count
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Identification of Concepts

OpenAlex assigns all works concepts. The concepts are in hirarchical order, ranging from 0 to 3. The higher the number, the more specific the concept. The concepts are assigned to the paper (id)

Level 0

Code
x <- lapply(
    flat_snow[["concepts"]],
    FUN = function(x) {
        x[["display_name"]][x[["level"]] == 0]
    }
) |>
    unlist() |>
    table() |>
    as.data.frame() |> 
    rename(
        l0_concept = Var1,
        count = Freq
    ) |>
    arrange(desc(count))

writexl::write_xlsx(x, file.path(".", "data", "concepts_l0.xlsx"))

knitr::kable(x)
l0_concept count
Political science 1136
Biology 1110
Sociology 917
Economics 914
Business 822
Computer science 787
Geography 601
Philosophy 523
Engineering 444
Physics 340
Psychology 279
Environmental science 217
Chemistry 202
Mathematics 175
Medicine 117
Art 39
Geology 39
History 30
Materials science 9

To download the Excel file, please click here.

Level 1

Code
x <- lapply(
    flat_snow[["concepts"]],
    function(x) {
        x[["display_name"]][x[["level"]] == 1]
    }
) |>
    unlist() |>
    table() |>
    as.data.frame() |> 
    rename(
        l1_concept = Var1,
        count = Freq
    ) |>
    arrange(desc(count))
    
writexl::write_xlsx(x, file.path(".", "data", "concepts_l1.xlsx"))

knitr::kable(x)
l1_concept count
Ecology 1048
Law 832
Environmental resource management 480
Finance 375
Social science 360
Pedagogy 346
Archaeology 332
Environmental planning 325
Public relations 295
Environmental ethics 241
Economic system 234
Epistemology 227
Artificial intelligence 220
Biochemistry 219
Quantum mechanics 212
Management 199
Knowledge management 195
Management science 160
Linguistics 147
Operating system 146
Process management 145
Economic growth 136
Engineering ethics 134
Environmental economics 130
Neuroscience 109
Social psychology 108
Programming language 103
Political economy 102
Marketing 98
Natural resource economics 97
Public administration 91
Pathology 90
Anthropology 89
Economic geography 84
Thermodynamics 81
Machine learning 77
Computer security 75
Mathematical analysis 75
Industrial organization 72
Paleontology 70
Risk analysis (engineering) 69
Electrical engineering 61
Mechanical engineering 60
Civil engineering 56
Regional science 56
World Wide Web 56
Psychotherapist 52
Cartography 51
Microeconomics 44
Psychiatry 43
Macroeconomics 42
Market economy 41
Pure mathematics 39
Computer network 38
Statistics 38
Algorithm 33
Demography 33
Economy 33
Public economics 33
Optics 32
Oceanography 30
Embedded system 27
Positive economics 26
Structural engineering 25
Waste management 25
Development economics 22
Law and economics 22
Evolutionary biology 21
Financial economics 20
Data science 19
Geometry 19
Aesthetics 17
Geodesy 17
Neoclassical economics 17
Botany 16
Database 16
Visual arts 16
Agroforestry 15
Literature 15
Meteorology 15
Software engineering 15
Advertising 14
Humanities 13
Environmental engineering 12
International trade 12
Nursing 12
Communication 11
Physical geography 11
Telecommunications 11
Theology 11
Gender studies 10
Library science 10
Data mining 9
Fishery 9
Forestry 9
Genetics 9
Internet privacy 9
Organic chemistry 9
Systems engineering 9
Water resource management 9
Acoustics 8
Architectural engineering 8
Agricultural economics 7
Astronomy 7
Climatology 7
Developmental psychology 7
Operations management 7
Socioeconomics 7
Accounting 6
Astrobiology 6
Cognitive science 6
Combinatorics 6
Internal medicine 6
Media studies 6
Aerospace engineering 5
Chromatography 5
Composite material 5
Econometrics 5
Environmental protection 5
Mathematical economics 5
Petroleum engineering 5
Transport engineering 5
Agricultural science 4
Art history 4
Clinical psychology 4
Earth science 4
Engineering management 4
Mathematical physics 4
Reliability engineering 4
Agronomy 3
Applied psychology 3
Astrophysics 3
Cognitive psychology 3
Food science 3
Information retrieval 3
Operations research 3
Ophthalmology 3
Physical chemistry 3
Soil science 3
Virology 3
Biotechnology 2
Classical mechanics 2
Commerce 2
Computer vision 2
Demographic economics 2
Economic policy 2
Engineering physics 2
Environmental health 2
Financial system 2
Geomorphology 2
Geotechnical engineering 2
Gynecology 2
Immunology 2
Medical education 2
Microbiology 2
Multimedia 2
Polymer chemistry 2
Atmospheric sciences 1
Biochemical engineering 1
Cell biology 1
Chemical engineering 1
Condensed matter physics 1
Economic history 1
Endocrinology 1
Ethnology 1
Forensic engineering 1
Human–computer interaction 1
International economics 1
Keynesian economics 1
Labour economics 1
Mathematics education 1
Molecular biology 1
Nanotechnology 1
Natural language processing 1
Nuclear engineering 1
Nuclear physics 1
Parallel computing 1
Psychoanalysis 1
Radiology 1
Remote sensing 1
Theoretical computer science 1
Welfare economics 1

To download the Excel file, please click here.

Level 2

Code
x <- lapply(
    flat_snow[["concepts"]],
    function(x) {
        x[["display_name"]][x[["level"]] == 2]
    }
) |>
    unlist() |>
    table() |>
    as.data.frame() |> 
    rename(
        l2_concept = Var1,
        count = Freq
    ) |>
    arrange(desc(count))
    
writexl::write_xlsx(x, file.path(".", "data", "concepts_l2.xlsx"))

knitr::kable(x)
l2_concept count
Sustainability 690
Corporate governance 391
Politics 375
Transformative learning 321
Climate change 247
Sustainable development 227
Context (archaeology) 214
Gene 209
Agriculture 157
Action (physics) 128
Adaptation (eye) 116
Process (computing) 112
Agency (philosophy) 110
Perspective (graphical) 90
Resilience (materials science) 81
Transformational leadership 81
Government (linguistics) 77
Psychological resilience 76
Alternative medicine 66
Futures contract 64
Scale (ratio) 59
Stakeholder 59
Framing (construction) 54
Scholarship 54
Normative 51
Content (measure theory) 50
Citizen journalism 49
Order (exchange) 49
Reflexivity 46
Power (physics) 45
Vulnerability (computing) 45
Anthropocene 42
Renewable energy 42
Ecosystem 41
Urban planning 41
Work (physics) 41
Vision 38
Conceptual framework 37
Earth system science 37
Leverage (statistics) 37
Sociotechnical system 37
Circular economy 36
Value (mathematics) 34
Mainstream 33
Population 33
Energy (signal processing) 32
Biodiversity 31
Production (economics) 31
Scope (computer science) 31
Variety (cybernetics) 31
Psychological intervention 30
Set (abstract data type) 30
Diversity (politics) 28
Economic Justice 28
Field (mathematics) 28
Narrative 28
State (computer science) 28
Transformation processes 26
China 25
Empirical research 25
Incentive 25
Negotiation 25
Resource (disambiguation) 25
Niche 23
Social change 23
Qualitative research 22
Typology 22
Accountability 21
Ecological systems theory 21
Indigenous 21
Operationalization 21
Business model 20
Disease 20
Empowerment 20
Equity (law) 20
Greenhouse gas 20
Interdependence 20
Status quo 20
Transdisciplinarity 20
Urbanization 20
Discipline 19
Key (lock) 19
Intermediary 18
Natural resource 18
Nexus (standard) 18
Quality (philosophy) 18
Function (biology) 17
Relevance (law) 17
Conceptualization 16
Dynamics (music) 16
Habitat 16
Tourism 16
Consumption (sociology) 15
Meaning (existential) 15
Pace 15
Technological change 15
Cognitive reframing 14
Electricity 14
Land use 14
Space (punctuation) 14
Stakeholder engagement 14
Dimension (graph theory) 13
Face (sociological concept) 13
Futures studies 13
Identity (music) 13
Paradigm shift 13
Adaptive management 12
Metropolitan area 12
Restructuring 12
Social learning 12
Bridging (networking) 11
German 11
Perception 11
Relation (database) 11
Scarcity 11
Situated 11
Systems thinking 11
Transparency (behavior) 11
Argument (complex analysis) 10
Embeddedness 10
General partnership 10
Livestock 10
Resistance (ecology) 10
Social capital 10
Software deployment 10
Term (time) 10
Architecture 9
CLARITY 9
Commons 9
Complex adaptive system 9
Entrepreneurship 9
Focus group 9
Identification (biology) 9
Index (typography) 9
Innovation system 9
Living lab 9
MEDLINE 9
Natural (archaeology) 9
Risk management 9
Supply chain 9
System dynamics 9
Tipping point (physics) 9
Unintended consequences 9
Viewpoints 9
Anticipation (artificial intelligence) 8
Citizen science 8
Control reconfiguration 8
European union 8
Flexibility (engineering) 8
Fossil fuel 8
Multidisciplinary approach 8
Private sector 8
Unpacking 8
Adaptability 7
Ambiguity 7
Credibility 7
Developing country 7
Disaster risk reduction 7
Environmental justice 7
Flood myth 7
Globe 7
Health care 7
Humanity 7
Institutional change 7
Legislature 7
Local government 7
Plural 7
Position (finance) 7
Poverty 7
Special education 7
Structure and agency 7
Underpinning 7
Action research 6
Autonomy 6
Bibliometrics 6
Competition (biology) 6
Construct (python library) 6
Development (topology) 6
Diversification (marketing strategy) 6
Experiential learning 6
Green infrastructure 6
Higher education 6
Human settlement 6
Intermediation 6
Intervention (counseling) 6
Lagging 6
Latin Americans 6
Legislation 6
Lens (geology) 6
Modernization theory 6
Novelty 6
Participatory action research 6
Premise 6
Prosperity 6
Public health 6
Service (business) 6
Social media 6
Sociocultural evolution 6
Spatial planning 6
Structuring 6
Water resources 6
Amazon rainforest 5
Anthropocentrism 5
Biosphere 5
Capacity building 5
Clothing 5
Competitive advantage 5
Coproduction 5
Corporate social responsibility 5
Deforestation (computer science) 5
Destabilisation 5
Distribution (mathematics) 5
Efficient energy use 5
Element (criminal law) 5
Emerging technologies 5
Empirical evidence 5
Environmental policy 5
Exploratory research 5
Financial crisis 5
Fishing 5
Focus (optics) 5
Formative assessment 5
Heuristic 5
Institutionalisation 5
Interpretation (philosophy) 5
Knowledge production 5
Maladaptation 5
Openness to experience 5
Payment 5
Pluralism (philosophy) 5
Policy analysis 5
Popularity 5
Public policy 5
Resource efficiency 5
Sample (material) 5
Sanitation 5
Scenario planning 5
Scrutiny 5
Social system 5
Sociology of scientific knowledge 5
Stock (firearms) 5
Strengths and weaknesses 5
Summit 5
The arts 5
Theory of change 5
Water supply 5
Action plan 4
Biofuel 4
Blueprint 4
Boundary (topology) 4
Capital (architecture) 4
Centrality 4
Citation 4
Composite number 4
Conflict transformation 4
CONTEST 4
Conversation 4
Coping (psychology) 4
Creativity 4
Dependability 4
Desk 4
Earth (classical element) 4
Energy consumption 4
Environmental impact assessment 4
Environmental law 4
Extant taxon 4
Food waste 4
Globalization 4
Greening 4
Hazard 4
Human systems engineering 4
Injustice 4
Institutional theory 4
Intersectionality 4
Leadership style 4
Materialism 4
Mindset 4
Modernity 4
Natural hazard 4
Nature versus nurture 4
Neutrality 4
Parallels 4
Path dependence 4
Performative utterance 4
Phenomenon 4
Praxis 4
Product (mathematics) 4
Realm 4
Reputation 4
Social dynamics 4
Strategic planning 4
Treaty 4
Wicked problem 4
Acknowledgement 3
Agile software development 3
Appeal 3
Appropriation 3
Best practice 3
Big data 3
Business ethics 3
Certification 3
Character (mathematics) 3
Co-creation 3
Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy) 3
Competence (human resources) 3
Conceptual model 3
Control (management) 3
Damages 3
Dependency (UML) 3
Dialectic 3
Disadvantaged 3
Dual (grammatical number) 3
Embodied cognition 3
Emerging markets 3
Environmental stewardship 3
Evolutionary economics 3
Exploit 3
Financial intermediary 3
Flourishing 3
Food packaging 3
Food processing 3
Foregrounding 3
Fragmentation (computing) 3
Frame (networking) 3
GRASP 3
Grazing 3
Heuristics 3
Inclusion (mineral) 3
Indonesian 3
Industrial Revolution 3
Industrialisation 3
Interdisciplinarity 3
Interim 3
Internet of Things 3
Interpersonal communication 3
Interpersonal ties 3
Knowledge base 3
Lean manufacturing 3
Literacy 3
Logit 3
Macro 3
Mediation 3
Outbreak 3
Path (computing) 3
Phase (matter) 3
Plan (archaeology) 3
Planet 3
Portfolio 3
Portuguese 3
Pragmatism 3
Procurement 3
Productivity 3
Profit (economics) 3
Public engagement 3
Public transport 3
Qualitative property 3
Ranking (information retrieval) 3
Rationality 3
Reading (process) 3
Reciprocity (cultural anthropology) 3
Recreation 3
Reductionism 3
Redundancy (engineering) 3
Safeguarding 3
Salience (neuroscience) 3
Salient 3
Scaling 3
Selection (genetic algorithm) 3
Social responsibility 3
Software 3
Stressor 3
Structural equation modeling 3
Subsidy 3
Surface runoff 3
Temporality 3
Test (biology) 3
Theme (computing) 3
Thriving 3
Timeline 3
Tragedy (event) 3
Virtue 3
Watershed 3
Wetland 3
Wildlife 3
Workforce 3
Affect (linguistics) 2
Air quality index 2
Alliance 2
Aotearoa 2
Archetype 2
Baltic sea 2
Branching (polymer chemistry) 2
Bricolage 2
Business ecosystem 2
Capability approach 2
Catalysis 2
Clean energy 2
Cloud computing 2
Coal 2
Coevolution 2
Cognition 2
Cohesion (chemistry) 2
Commodification 2
Common ground 2
Community engagement 2
Comparative advantage 2
Comparative case 2
Compass 2
Component (thermodynamics) 2
Consciousness 2
Conservation biology 2
Consistency (knowledge bases) 2
Consolidation (business) 2
Consumerism 2
Content analysis 2
Convention 2
Coral 2
Coral reef 2
Craft 2
Critical theory 2
Curriculum 2
Cybernetics 2
Dance 2
Decentralization 2
Declaration 2
Delphi method 2
Demand side 2
Demographics 2
Dichotomy 2
Dignity 2
Dilemma 2
Directive 2
Disconnection 2
Divergence (linguistics) 2
Documentation 2
Dystopia 2
Ecological psychology 2
Enabling 2
Enforcement 2
Engineering design process 2
Environmental crisis 2
Environmental education 2
Environmental quality 2
Everyday life 2
Excellence 2
Explanatory power 2
Externality 2
Facilitation 2
Financialization 2
Fish 2
Flemish 2
Frontier 2
Gold mining 2
Green innovation 2
Grid 2
Hierarchy 2
Honor 2
Human capital 2
Human evolution 2
Human geography 2
Hydropower 2
Ideal (ethics) 2
Idealism 2
Ignorance 2
Image (mathematics) 2
Impact assessment 2
Industrial policy 2
Industrial society 2
Inequality 2
Information and Communications Technology 2
Ingenuity 2
Institutional economics 2
Intellectual property 2
Irrigation 2
Knowledge engineering 2
Language change 2
Leapfrogging 2
Liberalization 2
Local community 2
Malaria 2
Management system 2
Marketing management 2
Materiality (auditing) 2
Measure (data warehouse) 2
Metaphor 2
Modal 2
Modalities 2
Multitude 2
Musical 2
Neglect 2
Neighbourhood (mathematics) 2
Neoliberalism (international relations) 2
Newspaper 2
Niche construction 2
Norm (philosophy) 2
Norwegian 2
Objectivity (philosophy) 2
Ocean observations 2
Outcome (game theory) 2
Outreach 2
Participatory planning 2
Peasant 2
Peninsula 2
Performance art 2
Plea 2
Policy Sciences 2
Pollution 2
Port (circuit theory) 2
Practice theory 2
Preparedness 2
Prioritization 2
Privilege (computing) 2
Profitability index 2
Project management 2
Provisioning 2
Psychometrics 2
Psychosocial 2
Public good 2
Public interest 2
Public participation 2
Rangeland 2
Reef 2
Refugee 2
Reinterpretation 2
Reproduction 2
Restoration ecology 2
Revenue 2
Rhetoric 2
Rhetorical question 2
Rigour 2
Science education 2
Science policy 2
Section (typography) 2
Servant 2
Shock (circulatory) 2
Sky 2
Social group 2
Social innovation 2
Social justice 2
Social theory 2
Socioeconomic development 2
Soil water 2
Spatial heterogeneity 2
Strategic management 2
Subject (documents) 2
Subjectivity 2
Surprise 2
Systems theory 2
Tanzania 2
Task (project management) 2
Technology policy 2
Temporalities 2
Terminology 2
The Imaginary 2
The Renaissance 2
Trap (plumbing) 2
TRIPS architecture 2
Utopia 2
Water quality 2
Welfare 2
Wind power 2
Wine 2
Witness 2
Work in process 2
Absorptive capacity 1
Abstraction 1
Acceleration 1
Access to finance 1
Agent-based model 1
Ambivalence 1
Analogy 1
Analytic hierarchy process 1
Anger 1
Antibiotics 1
Applied ethics 1
Archipelago 1
Arctic 1
Argumentation theory 1
Artificial neural network 1
Asia pacific 1
Assemblage (archaeology) 1
Asset (computer security) 1
Attractor 1
Audit 1
Autoethnography 1
Automotive industry 1
Aviation 1
Balanced scorecard 1
Baseline (sea) 1
Basic income 1
Bathing 1
Behavior change 1
Bespoke 1
Biobank 1
Biodegradable plastic 1
Biogas 1
Biologist 1
Biomass (ecology) 1
Bivariate analysis 1
Blame 1
Blank 1
Block (permutation group theory) 1
Blockchain 1
Boundary-work 1
Bounded function 1
Bounded rationality 1
Branching process 1
Bridge (graph theory) 1
Buddhism 1
Business case 1
Business risks 1
Business system planning 1
Butterfly 1
Cape 1
Car sharing 1
Carbon dioxide 1
Cardinal point 1
Causal model 1
Causality (physics) 1
Ceiling (cloud) 1
Champion 1
Chaotic 1
Chart 1
Chemical industry 1
Christian ministry 1
Civilization 1
Classifier (UML) 1
Clean technology 1
Closing (real estate) 1
Coastal management 1
Coastal zone 1
Coding (social sciences) 1
Collaborative learning 1
Collective efficacy 1
Colonialism 1
Commercialism 1
Commodity 1
Community organization 1
Community participation 1
Comparability 1
Complex system 1
Complexity management 1
Compliance (psychology) 1
Compromise 1
Computable general equilibrium 1
Conflation 1
Conflict resolution 1
Consciousness raising 1
Consequentialism 1
Constellation 1
Constitution 1
Construal level theory 1
Consumer behaviour 1
Contradiction 1
Conurbation 1
Copernicus 1
Core (optical fiber) 1
Cosmetics 1
Creative destruction 1
Crisis management 1
Crisis response 1
Critical infrastructure 1
Critical reflection 1
Criticism 1
Crop protection 1
Cross disciplinary 1
Cultural psychology 1
Cultural values 1
Curiosity 1
Current (fluid) 1
Data collection 1
Data envelopment analysis 1
Data-driven 1
Debt 1
Decision tree 1
Deconstruction (building) 1
Deep learning 1
Deep time 1
Deliverable 1
Demand management 1
Denial 1
Deontological ethics 1
Descriptive statistics 1
Desegregation 1
Design thinking 1
Dialog box 1
Dialogical self 1
Diffusion 1
Digital content 1
Digital transformation 1
Disaster research 1
Discrete choice 1
Disruptive innovation 1
Distance decay 1
Divestment 1
Division of labour 1
Domain (mathematical analysis) 1
Domestic market 1
Domestication 1
Download 1
Downstream (manufacturing) 1
DPSIR 1
Drone 1
Dual purpose 1
Duration (music) 1
Dynamic capabilities 1
Dynamism 1
E-commerce 1
Ecological crisis 1
Ecological efficiency 1
Ecological engineering 1
Economic recovery 1
Economic rent 1
Educational technology 1
Electronic waste 1
Emergency management 1
Emic and etic 1
Energy conservation 1
Energy demand 1
Energy sector 1
Environmental degradation 1
Environmental pollution 1
Environmental restoration 1
Environmental security 1
Environmental sociology 1
Environmentally friendly 1
Enzyme 1
Episteme 1
Estonian 1
Ethics of care 1
Ethnic group 1
Ethos 1
European region 1
Event (particle physics) 1
Evolutionary psychology 1
Evolutionary theory 1
Experiential knowledge 1
Explanatory model 1
Explication 1
Exposition (narrative) 1
Expression (computer science) 1
Expropriation 1
Extended producer responsibility 1
Extension (predicate logic) 1
Extinction (optical mineralogy) 1
Facilitator 1
Factor market 1
Factory (object-oriented programming) 1
Fantasy 1
Feeling 1
Fidelity 1
Financial market 1
Floodplain 1
Flowchart 1
Food chain 1
Food safety 1
Foreign direct investment 1
Forest management 1
Foundation (evidence) 1
Fragility 1
Frugality 1
Fuel cells 1
Fuzzy logic 1
Game design 1
Game mechanics 1
General assembly 1
Generative grammar 1
Genetic testing 1
Geospatial analysis 1
Germination 1
Glacier 1
Glass ceiling 1
Global network 1
Glyphosate 1
Goods and services 1
Graph 1
Grassland 1
Great Rift 1
Green marketing 1
Gross domestic product 1
Groundwater 1
Harm 1
Harmony (color) 1
Heading (navigation) 1
Heat stress 1
Hermeneutics 1
Holistic management 1
Homo sapiens 1
Homophily 1
Horizontal and vertical 1
Horse 1
Human development (humanity) 1
Human resources 1
Human rights 1
Human security 1
Human sexuality 1
Human values 1
Hygiene 1
Hyperparameter 1
Ideal type 1
Immediacy 1
Impact factor 1
Implementation 1
Impossibility 1
Impulse (physics) 1
Indigenization 1
Individual mobility 1
Individualism 1
Industrial and production engineering 1
Inertia 1
Inference 1
Inflection point 1
Informal sector 1
Informal settlements 1
Information ethics 1
Information exchange 1
Information flow 1
Information technology 1
Innovation diffusion 1
Innovation management 1
Institution 1
Institutional logic 1
Integrated pest management 1
Interconnectivity 1
Intercropping 1
International Action 1
International development 1
Intersection (aeronautics) 1
Isolation (microbiology) 1
Jargon 1
Journalism 1
Judgement 1
Kingdom 1
Knowledge transfer 1
Knowledge-based systems 1
Kuznets curve 1
Lead (geology) 1
Leadership development 1
Legal research 1
Life course approach 1
Life satisfaction 1
Lift (data mining) 1
Limit (mathematics) 1
Linear discriminant analysis 1
Linearity 1
Link (geometry) 1
Listing (finance) 1
Lithium (medication) 1
Living systems 1
Local Development 1
Lock (firearm) 1
Looming 1
Loss and damage 1
Mandate 1
Mangrove 1
Marine conservation 1
Marine spatial planning 1
Matching (statistics) 1
Material flow 1
Material flow analysis 1
Maturity (psychological) 1
Maya 1
Medical equipment 1
Mega- 1
Megacity 1
Membrane 1
Mental health 1
Mental model 1
Merge (version control) 1
Mesoamerica 1
Mesopotamia 1
Methodological individualism 1
Metric (unit) 1
Miami 1
Microfoundations 1
Miller 1
Mindfulness 1
Mode (computer interface) 1
Modular design 1
Monitoring and evaluation 1
Moral responsibility 1
Movement (music) 1
Multinomial logistic regression 1
National innovation system 1
Natural disaster 1
Natural gas 1
Net (polyhedron) 1
Network effect 1
Niche market 1
Normal science 1
Normalization (sociology) 1
Normative ethics 1
North west 1
Nothing 1
Nuclear power 1
Nuclear power plant 1
Nursing research 1
Object (grammar) 1
Occupancy 1
Officer 1
Open innovation 1
Opportunism 1
Optimism 1
Organisational change 1
Orthodoxy 1
Oxymoron 1
Path analysis (statistics) 1
Path dependency 1
Performativity 1
Period (music) 1
Persistence (discontinuity) 1
Personal mobility 1
Personality 1
Photovoltaic system 1
Planned economy 1
Plastic bag 1
Pluvial 1
Point (geometry) 1
Policy development 1
Polluter pays principle 1
Pooling 1
Positivism 1
Posthumanism 1
Postmodernism 1
Precipitation 1
Predation 1
Predictability 1
Predictive maintenance 1
Preference 1
Presentation (obstetrics) 1
Presumption 1
Principal (computer security) 1
Prism 1
Professionalization 1
Project finance 1
Pronoun 1
Property (philosophy) 1
Property rights 1
Proxy (statistics) 1
Prudence 1
Public service 1
Publishing 1
Punctuated equilibrium 1
Questionnaire 1
Rainwater harvesting 1
Rapeseed 1
Raw material 1
Realism 1
Redevelopment 1
Redress 1
Reference model 1
Reforestation 1
Regional development 1
Regional innovation system 1
Relocation 1
Resource allocation 1
Resource depletion 1
Resource management (computing) 1
Responsible Research and Innovation 1
Reuse 1
Rhythm 1
Risk assessment 1
Root cause 1
Rope 1
Rural area 1
Sanctions 1
Scalability 1
Scheme (mathematics) 1
Scientific evidence 1
Seawater 1
Secondary sector of the economy 1
Sect 1
Security studies 1
Sense of agency 1
Sense of place 1
Sequence (biology) 1
Setback 1
Sharing economy 1
Simple (philosophy) 1
Sketch 1
Skills management 1
Smart grid 1
Social business 1
Social connectedness 1
Social equality 1
Social impact assessment 1
Social institution 1
Social marketing 1
Social mobility 1
Social policy 1
Social relation 1
Social security 1
Social solidarity 1
Social work 1
Sociality 1
Solar energy 1
sort 1
Spacecraft 1
SPARK (programming language) 1
Spatial ecology 1
Spatial organization 1
Spatial variability 1
Special section 1
SPHERES 1
Stability (learning theory) 1
Stars 1
Statistical analysis 1
Structuration theory 1
Subjectification 1
Submarine pipeline 1
Substitution (logic) 1
Sump (aquarium) 1
Superordinate goals 1
Support vector machine 1
Survey data collection 1
Sustenance 1
Swarm behaviour 1
Table (database) 1
Tariff 1
Teaching method 1
Technological evolution 1
Technology transfer 1
Textile 1
Textile industry 1
The arctic 1
The Internet 1
Thematic map 1
Theory of the firm 1
Thermal 1
Toolbox 1
Top-down and bottom-up design 1
TOPSIS 1
Traceability 1
Tracing 1
Track (disk drive) 1
Tracking (education) 1
Trajectory 1
Transaction cost 1
Transactional leadership 1
Transitive relation 1
Transport system 1
Travel behavior 1
Trilogy 1
Trojan horse 1
Truck 1
Turbine 1
Turnover 1
Umwelt 1
Uncanny 1
Uncertainty 1
Unit (ring theory) 1
Unitary state 1
Upgrade 1
Urban agglomeration 1
Urban forestry 1
Usability 1
Utilitarianism 1
Valuation (finance) 1
Value creation 1
Value proposition 1
Variable (mathematics) 1
Variables 1
Variation (astronomy) 1
Vegetation (pathology) 1
Video game 1
Visualization 1
Voltage 1
Warning system 1
Warrant 1
Wastewater 1
Water diversion 1
Water energy 1
Water use 1
Watson 1
West germany 1
West virginia 1
Wilderness 1
Wildness 1
Window (computing) 1
Wonder 1
Zero (linguistics) 1
Zoning 1

To download the Excel file, please click here.

Level 3

Code
x <- lapply(
    flat_snow[["concepts"]],
    function(x) {
        x[["display_name"]][x[["level"]] == 3]
    }
) |>
    unlist() |>
    table() |>
    as.data.frame() |> 
    rename(
        l3_concept = Var1,
        count = Freq
    ) |>
    arrange(desc(count))
    
writexl::write_xlsx(x, file.path(".", "data", "concepts_l3.xlsx"))

knitr::kable(x)
l3_concept count
Transition (genetics) 127
Food security 82
Transformation (genetics) 74
Social sustainability 69
Panacea (medicine) 65
Transition management (governance) 61
Sustainability organizations 60
Environmental governance 34
Adaptive capacity 30
Legitimacy 27
Livelihood 27
Democracy 26
Grassroots 26
Sustainable agriculture 26
Civil society 25
Collective action 25
Ecosystem services 25
Climate change adaptation 24
Climate governance 23
Infectious disease (medical specialty) 20
Urban sustainability 17
Environmental change 16
Urban resilience 16
Agroecology 14
Energy policy 12
Multi-level governance 12
Social transformation 12
Stewardship (theology) 12
Deliberation 11
Promotion (chess) 11
Technocracy 11
Thematic analysis 11
Climate change mitigation 10
Political ecology 10
Solidarity 10
Collaborative governance 9
Energy system 9
Global governance 9
Planetary boundaries 9
Capitalism 8
Climate justice 8
Global warming 8
Investment (military) 8
Originality 8
Sustainable consumption 8
Climate Finance 7
Climate resilience 7
Geopolitics 7
Hegemony 7
Mainstreaming 7
Sustainable business 7
Agrarian society 6
Backcasting 6
Constructive 6
Degrowth 6
Dominance (genetics) 6
Extreme weather 6
Ideology 6
Natural resource management 6
Political economy of climate change 6
Scopus 6
Through-the-lens metering 6
Traditional knowledge 6
Agricultural productivity 5
Corporate sustainability 5
Ecological niche 5
Green growth 5
Landscape ecology 5
Social movement 5
Socioeconomic status 5
Urban density 5
Boundary object 4
Carbon fibers 4
Ecological resilience 4
Electronic business 4
Elite 4
Emancipation 4
Energy security 4
Global change 4
Health policy 4
Incrementalism 4
Legitimation 4
Opposition (politics) 4
Pastoralism 4
Product-service system 4
Project governance 4
Risk governance 4
Servant leadership 4
Social network analysis 4
Socio-ecological system 4
Sustainable transport 4
Value chain 4
Vulnerability assessment 4
2019-20 coronavirus outbreak 3
Agricultural diversification 3
Articulation (sociology) 3
Biodiversity conservation 3
Bureaucracy 3
Causal loop diagram 3
Change management (ITSM) 3
Citation analysis 3
Climate policy 3
Collective identity 3
Collective leadership 3
Community resilience 3
Convention on Biological Diversity 3
Diplomacy 3
Downscaling 3
Ecological footprint 3
Ecosystem management 3
Ecosystem-based management 3
Education for sustainable development 3
Electricity generation 3
Environmental politics 3
Integrated water resources management 3
Kyoto Protocol 3
Land use, land-use change and forestry 3
Learning sciences 3
Network governance 3
Regime shift 3
Settlement (finance) 3
Smart city 3
Social network (sociolinguistics) 3
Sovereignty 3
Stormwater 3
Strategic environmental assessment 3
Sustainable energy 3
Systematic review 3
Technological innovation system 3
Transferability 3
Urban climate 3
Urban ecosystem 3
Urbanism 3
Water scarcity 3
Web of science 3
Agricultural biodiversity 2
Beijing 2
Biorefinery 2
Business process 2
Carbon footprint 2
Citizenship 2
Climate risk 2
Climate science 2
Conservation psychology 2
Conservation science 2
Contextualization 2
CRISPR 2
Destinations 2
Devolution (biology) 2
Ecological economics 2
Ecological health 2
Ecological modernization 2
Energy law 2
Environmentalism 2
Fisheries management 2
Global value chain 2
Governmentality 2
Green economy 2
Health promotion 2
Knowledge integration 2
Las vegas 2
Leadership 2
Leadership studies 2
Low-carbon economy 2
Marine ecosystem 2
Marine protected area 2
Orchestration 2
Phenotype 2
Phoenix 2
Polity 2
Population growth 2
Qualitative analysis 2
Rebound effect (conservation) 2
Regulatory state 2
Representation (politics) 2
Service provider 2
Shared leadership 2
Social identity theory 2
Social vulnerability 2
Software development 2
Stakeholder analysis 2
Stakeholder theory 2
Sustainability reporting 2
Sustainable Agriculture Innovation Network 2
Sustainable management 2
Sustainable tourism 2
Sustainable Value 2
Systemic risk 2
Threatened species 2
Transnational governance 2
Urban design 2
Urban ecology 2
Value network 2
Virtue ethics 2
Welfare state 2
Wildlife conservation 2
Agonism 1
Agribusiness 1
Agricultural policy 1
Agroecosystem 1
Air travel 1
Antibiotic resistance 1
Aquaculture 1
Aquifer 1
Artisanal fishing 1
Austerity 1
Behaviour change 1
Betweenness centrality 1
Bibliographic coupling 1
Big Five personality traits 1
Biodiesel 1
Bioenergy 1
Biological integrity 1
Biome 1
Bioproducts 1
Business analysis 1
Business value 1
Carbon dioxide in Earth’s atmosphere 1
Carbon neutrality 1
Carbon sequestration 1
Carnivore 1
Chimera (genetics) 1
Choreography 1
Climate model 1
Cloud computing security 1
Co-citation 1
Code (set theory) 1
Community forestry 1
Compartmentalization (fire protection) 1
Conditionality 1
Confirmatory factor analysis 1
Conservatism 1
Construals 1
Cooperative learning 1
Coral bleaching 1
Coral reef protection 1
Critical realism (philosophy of perception) 1
Cultural geography 1
Data quality 1
Decolonization 1
Desalination 1
Dingo 1
Distributive justice 1
Dormancy 1
Duopoly 1
Earth Summit 1
Eco-innovation 1
Economic collapse 1
Economic governance 1
Economic interventionism 1
Economic reform 1
Economic shortage 1
Ecosystem approach 1
Egalitarianism 1
Electrification 1
Energy engineering 1
Energy intensity 1
Energy management 1
Energy market 1
Energy planning 1
Energy storage 1
Energy supply 1
Environmental consciousness 1
Environmental issues with coral reefs 1
Environmental management system 1
Environmental Sustainability Index 1
Epistemic virtue 1
Epoch (astronomy) 1
Erasmus+ 1
Exploitation of natural resources 1
Exploratory factor analysis 1
Extreme heat 1
Fashion industry 1
Fast fashion 1
Fisheries Research 1
Fishing industry 1
Flood mitigation 1
Flood risk management 1
Focal point 1
Food sector 1
Fukushima Nuclear Accident 1
Game Developer 1
Global health 1
Health administration 1
Health equity 1
Health informatics 1
Health security 1
Healthcare system 1
Historical geography 1
Hospitality 1
Human genetics 1
Human–wildlife conflict 1
Hydrogen fuel 1
Impact investing 1
Industrial ecology 1
Institutional investor 1
Integrated coastal zone management 1
Intergenerational equity 1
Internal consistency 1
International investment 1
Intrapersonal communication 1
Ionic liquid 1
Knowledge creation 1
Land cover 1
Land grabbing 1
Land management 1
Land-use planning 1
Legal realism 1
Life-cycle assessment 1
Linkage (software) 1
Mains electricity 1
Marketization 1
Medical genetics 1
Meta-ethics 1
Militarization 1
Millennium Development Goals 1
Modal shift 1
Negative feedback 1
New england 1
New horizons 1
Nomological network 1
Non-renewable resource 1
Normative social influence 1
Nuclear disaster 1
Ocean chemistry 1
Offshore wind power 1
Oppression 1
Organic farming 1
Overfishing 1
Overgrazing 1
Pacific islanders 1
Parliament 1
Participatory design 1
Per capita 1
Photovoltaics 1
Plasmodium falciparum 1
Poaching 1
Populism 1
Project commissioning 1
Project management triangle 1
Project portfolio management 1
Prosumer 1
Quality assurance 1
Random graph 1
Rangeland management 1
Redistribution (election) 1
Relationship marketing 1
Renewable fuels 1
Requirements engineering 1
Resilience of coral reefs 1
Resource curse 1
Resource recovery 1
Return on marketing investment 1
Ribosomal RNA 1
Right to the city 1
Riparian zone 1
Risk perception 1
RNA 1
Robustness (evolution) 1
Ruderal species 1
Rule of law 1
Rurality 1
Sampling frame 1
Science Citation Index 1
Seagrass 1
Social activism 1
Social conflict 1
Social determinants of health 1
Social injustice 1
Social practice 1
Social reproduction 1
Soil carbon 1
Stock assessment 1
Stock market 1
Storytelling 1
Strategic financial management 1
Subsistence agriculture 1
Supply chain management 1
Sustainable design 1
Sustainable production 1
Sustainable society 1
Technical Journalism 1
The Conceptual Framework 1
Total factor productivity 1
Tragedy of the commons 1
Transcription factor 1
Urban agriculture 1
Urban greening 1
Urban politics 1
Vagueness 1
Video game design 1
Vitalism 1
Vulnerability index 1
Wage labour 1
Water infrastructure 1
Water sector 1
Water security 1
Welfare reform 1
Zero-energy building 1

To download the Excel file, please click here.

Level 4

Code
x <- lapply(
    flat_snow[["concepts"]],
    function(x) {
        x[["display_name"]][x[["level"]] == 4]
    }
) |>
    unlist() |>
    table() |>
    as.data.frame() |> 
    rename(
        l4_concept = Var1,
        count = Freq
    ) |>
    arrange(desc(count))
    
writexl::write_xlsx(x, file.path(".", "data", "concepts_l4.xlsx"))
    
knitr::kable(x)
l4_concept count
Sustainability science 75
Energy transition 64
Food systems 64
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) 20
Democratization 8
Food policy 6
Authoritarianism 5
Business relationship management 4
Ecosystem health 3
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change 3
Urban metabolism 3
Complementation 2
Electricity system 2
Fisheries law 2
Neuroleadership 2
Scrum 2
Stormwater management 2
Action learning 1
Artemisinin 1
Aviation biofuel 1
Biorefining 1
Blue carbon 1
Business process modeling 1
Business-to-government 1
Cas9 1
Competence-based management 1
Coral reef organizations 1
Critical geography 1
Data governance 1
Deliberative democracy 1
Development geography 1
Ecological forecasting 1
Environmental design and planning 1
Exponential random graph models 1
Fisheries science 1
Food insecurity 1
Genome editing 1
Green chemistry 1
Groundwater recharge 1
Hydrogen vehicle 1
Influencer marketing 1
Jatropha 1
Legal pluralism 1
Malmquist index 1
Market capitalization 1
Measurement of biodiversity 1
Millennium Ecosystem Assessment 1
Natural capital 1
Network security policy 1
Non-coding RNA 1
Nucleic acid structure 1
Placemaking 1
Project charter 1
Psychometric testing 1
Regime change 1
Representative Concentration Pathways 1
Repressor 1
Requirement 1
Ribonucleoprotein 1
Ribosome 1
Scientific consensus 1
Seed dormancy 1
Separate spheres 1
Social movement theory 1
Solidarity economy 1
Sustainable land management 1
Transfer RNA 1

To download the Excel file, please click here.

Level 5

Code
x <- lapply(
    flat_snow[["concepts"]],
    function(x) {
        x[["display_name"]][x[["level"]] == 5]
    }
) |>
    unlist() |>
    table() |>
    as.data.frame() |> 
    rename(
        l5_concept = Var1,
        count = Freq
    ) |>
    arrange(desc(count))
    
writexl::write_xlsx(x, file.path(".", "data", "concepts_l5.xlsx"))

knitr::kable(x)
l5_concept count
Pandemic 14
Business transformation 4
Complement (music) 2
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) 2
Artifact-centric business process model 1
Critical security studies 1
Guide RNA 1
Operator (biology) 1
Project stakeholder 1
Pseudouridine 1
Public Sector Marketing 1
Requirements traceability 1
Ribosome biogenesis 1
Small nucleolar RNA 1
Stratification (seeds) 1
Time geography 1
Total human ecosystem 1

To download the Excel file, please click here.